中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 555-562.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2012.05.007

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

南方红壤区稻稻连作体系下氮肥减施模式研究

侯红乾1，2 ,冀建华1，2,刘光荣1，2 ,刘益仁1，2 ,刘秀梅1，2，* ,程正新3 ,杨俊诚4 ,文石林 5   

  1. 1 江西省农业科学院 土壤肥料与资源环境研究所， 江西 南昌 330200；2 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心， 江西 南昌 330200；3 江西省农业科学院 农业应用微生物研究所,    江西 南昌 330200；4 中国农业科学院 农业资源与农业区划研究所， 北京100081；5中国农业科学院 衡阳红壤实验站， 湖南 祁阳426182；
  • 收稿日期:2011-08-11 修回日期:2012-05-12 出版日期:2012-09-10 发布日期:2012-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘秀梅1，2，*
  • 基金资助:

    国家973计划资助项目(2007CB109308；2010CB951502)； 国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2011BAD41B01）； 国家自然科学基金资助项目（31101603）； 农业部作物营养与施肥重点实验室开放基金资助项目； 江西省科技支撑计划资助项目（2009BNA08800）。

On the Mode of Nitrogenreduction in Doublerice Cropping Region in Red Soil Area of South China

HOU  Hongqian 1,2，  JI  Jianhua 1,2， LIU  Guangrong 1，2， LIU  Yiren 1， 2，  LIU  Xiumei 1， 2,* ， CHENG Zhengxin 3，  YANG  Juncheng 4， WEN  Shilin 5   

  1. 1 Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment Institute， Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanchang 330200， China；2 National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement， Nanchang 330200， China；3 Institute of Agricultural Application Microbiology; Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200， China；4 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China; 5 Hengyang Red Soil Research Station， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Qiyang 426182， China;
  • Received:2011-08-11 Revised:2012-05-12 Online:2012-09-10 Published:2012-09-10
  • Contact: LIU Xiumei1， 2,*

PDF

摘要： 进行了连续3年6季的定位试验，比较了不施氮（N0）、常规施氮（NNL）2个对照处理与6个氮肥减施处理对双季稻产量及其构成因素、经济效益、土壤肥力水平的影响。结果表明，在低于传统施氮量20%的条件下， 30%常规氮肥用量 + 50%厩肥有机氮肥用量（30F + 50M）、30%常规氮肥用量 + 50%缓释氮肥用量（30F+ 50S）产量与NNL持平，比80%传统氮肥用量（80F）分别增产4.7％和5.2％；其余减施氮肥处理与80F产量基本持平。产量构成因子在不同施氮处理之间有明显差异，其中有效穗数、每穗粒数与产量正相关，结实率与产量负相关。经过3年6季水稻种植，土壤肥力除有效钾外，处理30F + 50M有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量和pH值分别比NNL处理提高了21.3％、7.0％、34.7％、4.9％、41％。其中，有机质、有效磷含量、pH值均显著高于80F处理。其余各减施氮肥处理与80F相比无显著差异。因此，在南方双季稻连作区，在减少施氮20％的条件下，30F + 50M、30F+ 50S是值得推荐的施肥措施。

关键词: 氮肥减施, 施肥模式, 产量, 经济效益, 土壤肥力

Abstract: The grain yield and its components, economic benefits and soil fertility level were compared under eight treatments, namely zero nitrogen (N0), normal nitrogen level(NNL)，80% NNL (chemical fertilizers )and 20% farmyard manure (80F＋20M), 80% NNL (chemical fertilizers), 30% NNL(chemical fertilizers )and 50% farmyard manure (30F＋50M), 30% NNL(chemical fertilizers) and 50% controlledrelease nitrogen (30F＋50S), 30% NNL(chemical fertilizers) and 50% green manure nitrogen in early rice and 80% NNL(chemical fertilizers )and fresh rice straw in late rice, and 80% controlledrelease nitrogen in a 3year location test in South Jiangxi Province of  China with the same  P and K application levels. Under 30F＋50M treatment and 30F＋50S treatment, the grain yield were 4.7% and 5.2% higher than that in 80F, respectively,  equal to NNL treatment. There was obvious difference in yield components factors among different nitrogen treatments. The effective panicle number per hectare  and the spikelet number per panicle were significantly positively correlated with grain yield and seed setting rate was negatively correlatrrd with grain yield.  Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and pH value in treatment 30F + 50M were higher than that in NNL treatment by 21.3%, 7.0%, 34.7%, 4.9% and 41%. The organic matter, available phosphorus, pH value were significantly higher than that in 80F treatment. There was no significant difference in other nitrogen reduction treatment compared with 80F treatment. Therefore, 30F + 50M, 30F + 50S were recommended as the methods of fertilizer application with nitrogen reduction of 20% in doublerice cropping region in South China.  

Key words: nitrogenreduction, fertilization mode, yield, economic benefit, soil fertility

中图分类号: